Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia sign historic Makkah Joint Defence Agreement

Makkah: Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia have entered a new phase of strategic cooperation through the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, signed during the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence. Official Pakistani and Saudi sources confirm the trilateral agreement, while reports say it establishes a collective-defence framework under which an armed attack against one member would be treated as an attack against all three. The agreement is intended to strengthen defence cooperation, strategic coordination and regional security rather than target any particular country. Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan has compared its mutual-defence principle with NATO’s Article 5 while stressing that the pact is aimed at collective security and regional stability.